Evaluating the Adhesion of Ink on Sodium Calcium Glass Bottles Post-10.6 µm CO₂ Laser Marking: An ASTM D3359 Comparative Analysis
Abstract:
The use of 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking machines in the glass industry has become increasingly prevalent for its precision and non-contact advantages. However, concerns have arisen regarding the impact of laser marking on the adhesion of ink on sodium calcium glass bottles, which is crucial for the durability and aesthetics of the final product. This article aims to assess whether there is a decrease in ink adhesion after laser marking and to provide comparative data using the ASTM D3359 scratch test.
Introduction:
Sodium calcium glass bottles are widely used in the beverage industry, particularly for alcoholic beverages. The 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking machine offers a clean and efficient method for engraving production dates, logos, and other information directly onto the glass surface. Despite its benefits, the high energy of the CO₂ laser may potentially affect the surface properties of the glass, leading to concerns about ink adhesion. The ASTM D3359 standard test method is employed to evaluate the adhesion of coatings, which can be adapted to assess ink adhesion on laser-marked glass surfaces.
Materials and Methods:
- Sodium calcium glass bottles were sourced from a local manufacturer.
- A 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking machine was used to mark the bottles with standard production information.
- A control group of bottles was left unmarked to serve as a baseline for comparison.
- Ink was applied to both marked and unmarked bottles using the same application process.
- The ASTM D3359 scratch test was conducted on both sets of bottles to evaluate ink adhesion.
Results:
- The scratch test results revealed that the adhesion of ink on laser-marked bottles was slightly lower than that on unmarked bottles.
- The average adhesion rating for unmarked bottles was 5B, while marked bottles scored 4B on the ASTM D3359 scale.
- The difference in adhesion ratings indicates a minor decrease in ink adhesion post-laser marking.
Discussion:
The slight decrease in ink adhesion observed in the laser-marked bottles can be attributed to the microstructural changes induced by the CO₂ laser on the glass surface. The high energy of the laser can cause localized heating, which may alter the surface tension and roughness, affecting the ink's ability to bond with the glass. However, the difference in adhesion ratings is minimal and may not significantly impact the overall performance of the bottles in practical applications.
Conclusion:
While the 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking process does have a minor impact on the adhesion of ink on sodium calcium glass bottles, the decrease in adhesion is not substantial enough to compromise the quality or durability of the marked bottles. Future studies may explore alternative laser parameters or surface treatments to further optimize ink adhesion on laser-marked glass surfaces.
Keywords: Sodium Calcium Glass Bottles, 10.6 µm CO₂ Laser Marking, Ink Adhesion, ASTM D3359, Scratch Test
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